РOLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION IN THE KAZAKH STEPPE ON THE EXAMPLE OF “THE STATUTE OF SIBERIAN KIRGIZ” 1822 year

Abstract

The article shows that the Statute on the Siberian Kyrgyz (1822) laid the foundations for political, administrative and economic transformation in the Kazakh Steppe. This Statute formed the basis for the Statute of the Orenburg Kirghiz (1824) and other important laws issued in the 1860s. The Statute on the Siberian Kirghiz (1822) was developed by Mikhail Speransky, a statesman, Governor-General of Siberia in 1819-1821. The article shows the historical significance of this document, which proposes a new administrative system, including the Kazakh elites, Chingizids and non-Chingizids, as local government personnel. Based on primary sources, the article shows that according to this Statute, the traditional statehood in the Kazakh steppe in the form of khan's administration was eliminated and a new administration was introduced through external districts, According to a new normative document, districts, volosts and villages were established in the steppe, which was supposed to abolish the former tribal management system. The Statute provided for some provisions in order to transfer Kazakhs to a sedentary lifestyle. For example, each district should produce, deliver and sell bread, agriculture, gardening, gardening, beekeeping and other social welfare issues were encouraged, and trade was encouraged.

The Statute defined the legal and civil rights of Kazakhs, allowed Kazakhs to join another estate, enjoy five-year benefits and freedom from recruitment, as well as have immovable property. The Statute of 1822, on the one hand, outlined the scheme of the steppe bureaucracy, on the other hand, initiated a socio-economic policy that promoted political and economic transformation in the Kazakh steppe and became an innovative step in the institutional history of tsarist rule in the Kazakh steppe.