КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ГЕОПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ПОДХОДОВ В ГУМАНИТАРНЫХ НАУКАХ

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS OF RESEARCHING GEOPOLITICAL APPROACHES IN THE HUMANITIES

Abstract

This article considers the conceptual foundations of geopolitical approaches in the humanities, reveals the main theories and concepts of geopolitical perceptions, its origins. In modern geopolitics the main field of research is devoted to economic, cultural and other components, as they began to come to the forefront in international relations.  The theoretical foundations of geoeconomics and geoculture as a direction of humanities, formed in the middle of the XX century, are analysed. Their main semantic components and terms are identified. The interrelation of geopolitical paradigm with geo-economic and geocultural discourse is pointed out. The peculiarity of the research presented is that the studies on geoeconomics and geoculture of Chinese scholars were reviewed. It is important to emphasize that in contrast to Western concepts, Chinese scholars propose to develop theories of civilizational dialogue instead of civilizational conflicts, and the main priorities of international relations are proclaimed to be mutual learning, understanding and integration of different civilizations. Geoculture today acts as a special kind of soft power, being a key element of the combined power of the state. Geoculture reflects the tendency towards diversity of civilizations. It dynamically shapes the world's geopolitical order, connecting with different civilizations and cultures, according to the principle of respecting their differences.

Geoeconomics and geoculture have been conceptualized as new forms of geopolitics. That allowed to shift from the traditional understanding of geopolitical geography and made the geopolitical space common for the participation of countries around the world. The authors conclude that in modern contexts economic and "soft" methods of influence are more relevant, in such a setting classical geopolitics is transformed into global geopolitics.