SHADOW ENVIRONMENTAL MIGRATION IN THE ARAL REGION AS A NEW AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

Abstract

In the modern world, environmental migration is one of the most relevant research areas in the field of migration. Issues related to the displacement of the population are exacerbated due to the negative progressive and newly revealed changes in the environment. Along with modifications of a natural nature, the perturbation of the ecological state of a natural object as a result of anthropogenic impact is exceptional, which has an extremely negative effect on the population located near and far from it.

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the identification of a significant number of people moving from the territory of the Aral Sea region as a zone of ecological disaster, environmental migrants, who, due to a number of features, have a latent "shadow" character.

The work carries an interdisciplinary scientific significance for researchers in the field of regional studies, international relations, migration, ecology and demography, and also makes a significant contribution to the development of tools for identifying environmental migration in the study area. Scientific research can be used to improve legislation on environmental migration, and will also help prevent such socio-economic consequences as a result of environmental disasters.

The results of the study can be used as a teaching material for disciplines read for students and undergraduates of the educational programs "Regional Studies" and "International Relations".

Comparative, historical, logical, systematic approach and correlation analysis were used as the main methods in scientific work.

As a result of the work carried out, the authors identified such a phenomenon as “shadow ecological migration”, as a phenomenon formed by causal factors: as a result of the policy of irrational irrigation, which led to the catastrophic drying of the Aral Sea, there is an almost complete collapse of the industrial and agricultural complex of this region (district), which inevitably leads to the impoverishment of the human resource.

The authors have developed the concept of "shadow ecological migration"; a chain of events that triggered ecological migration is presented, at the beginning of which there is an ecological catastrophe of the Aral Sea. The study will help prevent the occurrence of similar environmental disasters of an anthropogenic nature and increase the level of protection of environmental refugees.

The results of the study can be used to make adjustments to legal documents, increase programs to provide social support to the affected population, as well as in the scientific literature on the study of migration processes.