TRANSNATIONAL THREATS AND THE NATION-STATE: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This article reviews the research on transnational risks, including their characteristics, classification, and the nation-state's role in mitigating them. Global in scope, transnational problems including terrorism, cybercrime, drug trafficking, illegal migration, and environmental crimes necessitate coordinated international action. By separating threats into factual categories (such as natural catastrophes and climate change) and subjective categories (such as terrorism, corruption, and illegal migration), the literature has made it possible to formulate more accurate strategies for resolving these issues.

The part nation-states play in thwarting transnational threats is given particular consideration. States continue to be the primary actors guaranteeing sovereignty, internal stability, and security in spite of globalization. The study highlights the significance of national initiatives, like strengthening laws and establishing institutions, as well as the necessity of international collaboration to successfully address global issues.

Additionally, the article concentrates on particular facets of transnational threats. One of the biggest problems is terrorism, which calls for strategies to be adjusted in order to counter the rise of new types, such as cyberterrorism. The effects of illegal migration, drug trafficking, and human trafficking on social stability and security are examined, particularly in transit areas like Central Asia. Collective response mechanisms grounded in sustainable development principles are necessary to address environmental issues, including international environmental crimes.

As a result, the article highlights the necessity of integrating national efforts into the international framework and the significance of the nation-state in the global security system. The review offers a helpful foundation for future investigations into transnational threats and the creation of countermeasures.