THE QING DYNASTY'S POLICY TOWARDS ABLAI KHAN

Abstract

The article analyzes the historical reasons for  to know how the Qing Empire first learned about the Kazakhs in 1697 and drew attention in the 1750s, based on data published in the historical diaries of the Qing Empire of China “Qing Shilu”. The article also discusses the cognition of the Qing Dynasty to the Ablai and his policy towards the Kazakhs , and draws a number of new conclusions. The author believes that the Qing Empire knew the Kazakh Khanate through Amirsana and recognized its leader Ablai. In the campaign against the Dzungarian Khanate in 1755, the Qing Empire did not intend to subjugate the Kazakhs; When the Qing Empire went to the Kazakh land to capture Amirsana, who fled to the Kazakh grasslands, Ablai Khan repelled the powerful blows of Qing people. Both sides were similarly provoked, Ablai Khan resolved the military conflict through diplomatic means, he turned the attention of Qing Empire to economic trade and repulsed Chinese troops. He also opened special markets in 1758 in Urumqi, 1760 in Khorgos and 1763 in Tarbagatai, and expanded the bilateral trade of "exchanging silk for horses".

        The article proves that the Kazakh Khanate was not a vassal of the Qing Empire through their Horde protocols and in comparison with countries such as Korea and Vietnam. This article emphasizes the conflicting position between the Qing Empire and Ablai Khan on territorial issues.